{"id":3552,"date":"2023-02-05T06:52:49","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T06:52:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/?page_id=3552"},"modified":"2024-12-29T06:11:20","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T06:11:20","slug":"s-19-d-valence-bond-theory-hybridisation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/s-19-d-valence-bond-theory-hybridisation\/","title":{"rendered":"S-19.d Valence Bond Theory-Hybridisation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#00056d;text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Valence Bond Theory-Hybridisation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-huge-font-size wp-elements-f79afd6ea8b322268468366b8e5f7cc7\" style=\"color:#74008b\"><strong>Key Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c367ab32484cf361a73ac1718121cc39\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"> <strong>Introduction to Valence Bond Theory (VBT)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Valence Bond Theory<\/strong> explains how atoms combine to form chemical bonds by overlapping atomic orbitals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-6-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15792\" style=\"width:454px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-6-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-6-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-6-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-6-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-6-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-6-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Developed by <strong>Linus Pauling<\/strong> and <strong>John C. Slater<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-9e8ac7fcf6716b6dc6e15c5f3b3acd83\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Key Concepts of VBT<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Atomic Orbital Overlap<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bonds are formed when atomic orbitals of two atoms overlap.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The greater the overlap, the stronger the bond.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-7-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15794\" style=\"width:464px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-7-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-7-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-7-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-7-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-7-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-7-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Types of Overlap<\/strong>:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sigma (\u03c3\\sigma) Bond<\/strong>: Formed by the end-to-end overlap of orbitals (e.g., s\u2212s, s\u2212p, p\u2212p).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.34%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-8-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-8-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-8-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-8-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-8-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-8-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-8-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-9-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-9-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-9-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-9-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-9-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-9-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-9.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-10-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-10-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-10-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-10-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-10-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-10-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-10.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pi (\u03c0) Bond<\/strong>: Formed by the side-to-side overlap of p-orbitals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-11-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15800\" style=\"width:326px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-11-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-11-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-11-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-11-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-11-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-11-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bond Strength<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03c3\\sigma-bonds are stronger than \u03c0\\pi-bonds due to greater overlap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Directionality<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Covalent bonds are directional and depend on the orientation of the orbitals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-240f60643b2fdf90fc7b793cb36e999f\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"> <strong>Introduction to Hybridization<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hybridization<\/strong> is the mixing of atomic orbitals in an atom to form new hybrid orbitals of equal energy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-12-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15802\" style=\"width:384px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-12-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-12-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-12-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-12-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-12-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-12-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proposed to explain molecular shapes and bond angles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-35f2508e986a3e899ee64ed28c985533\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Key Features of Hybridization<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mixing of Orbitals<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Involves combining ss, pp, and sometimes dd-orbitals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hybrid Orbitals<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Formed orbitals have the same energy and are used for bonding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Types of Hybridization<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Depends on the number and type of orbitals involved.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dfc816\"> <strong>Types of Hybridization and Examples<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Type<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Orbitals Involved<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Geometry<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Bond Angle<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>sp<\/strong><\/td><td>1 s+ 1 p<\/td><td>Linear<\/td><td>180\u00b0<\/td><td>BeCl\u2082<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sp<\/strong>\u00b2<\/td><td>1 s + 2 p<\/td><td>Trigonal planar<\/td><td>120\u00b0<\/td><td>BF\u2083, C\u2082H\u2084<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sp<\/strong>\u00b3<\/td><td>1 s + 3 p<\/td><td>Tetrahedral<\/td><td>109.5\u00b0<\/td><td>CH\u2084, NH,\u2083 H\u2082O<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sp\u00b3d<\/strong><\/td><td>1 s + 3 p + 1 d<\/td><td>Trigonal bipyramidal<\/td><td>90\u00b0,120\u00b0<\/td><td>PCl\u2085<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sp\u00b3d<\/strong>\u00b2<\/td><td>1 s + 3 p + 2 d<\/td><td>Octahedral<\/td><td>90\u00b0<\/td><td>SF\u2086<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-eb55bf6dbebf2ac4db6751ca851106f3\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Steps to Determine Hybridization<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Count the Regions of Electron Density<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bonds (single, double, or triple) + lone pairs around the central atom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Match to Hybridization<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2 regions \u2192 sp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 regions \u2192 sp\u00b2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 regions \u2192 sp\u00b3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-eee5c9b7ff78e8d77d9e5319c275a75b\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Examples of Hybridization<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Methane (CH\u2084)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Central atom: Carbon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regions of electron density: 4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hybridization: sp\u00b3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shape: Tetrahedral.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-14-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15804\" style=\"width:350px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-14-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-14-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-14-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-14-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-14-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-14.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Boron Trifluoride (BF\u2083)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Central atom: Boron.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regions of electron density: 3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hybridization: sp\u00b2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shape: Trigonal planar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-15-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15807\" style=\"width:382px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-15-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-15-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-15-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-15-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-15-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-15.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BeCl<\/strong>\u2082:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Central atom: Beryllium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regions of electron density: 2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hybridization: sp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shape: Linear.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-13-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15803\" style=\"width:410px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-13-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-13-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-13-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-13-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-13-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-13.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-e92ea1f880f11b5775048d45d97dd227\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Importance of VBT and Hybridization<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Explains Bond Formation<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describes how atoms share electrons to form stable molecules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-16-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15809\" style=\"width:344px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-16-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-16-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-16-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-16-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-16-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-16-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Predicts Molecular Shapes<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hybridization provides insights into geometry and bond angles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-17-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15811\" style=\"width:382px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-17-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-17-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-17-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-17-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-17-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-17-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Supports Chemical Reactivity<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Helps in understanding the stability and reactivity of molecules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ce9472906f8002fe988fbc885c62743f\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"> <strong>Limitations of Valence Bond Theory<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Doesn\u2019t Explain All Properties<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fails to explain magnetic properties of some molecules (e.g., O\u2082).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No Energy Insights<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Provides no quantitative details about bond energies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lacks Molecular Orbital Theory Concepts<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Overlooks delocalization of electrons (e.g., in benzene).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-01d9be3d90cb10d4f3466edf52b5fd66\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization are crucial for understanding how atoms form bonds and determine molecular shapes. While VBT explains bonding through orbital overlap, hybridization provides a detailed view of molecular geometry and bond angles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#d90000\"><strong>Let&#8217;s practice!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/83078\/290\/330\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-93.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5725\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-93.png 500w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-93-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-93-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/81519\/093\/575\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-92.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-92.png 500w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-92-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-92-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Valence Bond Theory-Hybridisation Key Notes: Introduction to Valence Bond Theory (VBT) Key Concepts of VBT Introduction to Hybridization Key Features of Hybridization Types of Hybridization and Examples Type Orbitals Involved Geometry Bond Angle Examples sp 1 s+ 1 p Linear 180\u00b0 BeCl\u2082 sp\u00b2 1 s + 2 p Trigonal planar 120\u00b0 BF\u2083, C\u2082H\u2084 sp\u00b3 1<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/s-19-d-valence-bond-theory-hybridisation\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;S-19.d Valence Bond Theory-Hybridisation&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3552","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3552"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15812,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3552\/revisions\/15812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}