{"id":3550,"date":"2023-02-05T06:52:26","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T06:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/?page_id=3550"},"modified":"2024-12-29T05:22:59","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T05:22:59","slug":"s-19-c-valence-bond-theory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/s-19-c-valence-bond-theory\/","title":{"rendered":"S-19.c Valence Bond Theory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#00056d;text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Valence Bond Theory<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-huge-font-size wp-elements-f79afd6ea8b322268468366b8e5f7cc7\" style=\"color:#74008b\"><strong>Key Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#bf71e0\">1.<strong>Definition of Covalent Bond<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>covalent bond<\/strong> is formed when two atoms share electrons, and this bond is strongest when their atomic orbitals overlap. The electrons involved must have opposite spins to form a stable bond.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15780\" style=\"width:386px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffaf6d\"><strong>2. Orbital Overlap<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap between atomic orbitals. The greater the overlap, the stronger the bond. This overlap leads to the formation of molecular orbitals, where electrons are shared between atoms.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15781\" style=\"width:390px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-1-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#3ff25a\"><strong>3. Types of Bonds in VBT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sigma (\u03c3) Bond:<\/strong> A sigma bond is formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals (e.g., s-s, s-p, or p-p orbitals). This type of bond is strong, allowing free rotation around the bond axis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103339.451-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15776\" style=\"width:362px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103339.451-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103339.451-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103339.451-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103339.451-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103339.451-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103339.451.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pi (\u03c0) Bond:<\/strong> A pi bond forms when p-orbitals overlap sideways. It is weaker than a sigma bond and restricts the rotation of the bonded atoms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103424.931-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15778\" style=\"width:336px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103424.931-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103424.931-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103424.931-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103424.931-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103424.931-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Untitled-design-2024-12-29T103424.931-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#edff77\"><strong>4. Spin Pairing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>For a bond to form, the electrons in the overlapping orbitals must have opposite spins. This pairing of electrons stabilizes the bond.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-2-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15783\" style=\"width:370px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-2-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-2-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-2-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-2-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-2-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-2-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#78fe43\"><strong>5. Molecular Shapes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>VBT explains the <strong>directionality<\/strong> of bonds. The way atomic orbitals overlap affects the geometry or shape of the molecule. For example, in methane (CH\u2084), the overlap of the sp\u00b3 hybridized orbitals leads to a tetrahedral shape.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"446\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15784\" style=\"width:524px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-7.png 680w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-7-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#d85ff7\"><strong>6. Applications of VBT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>VBT is effective in explaining the bonding and structure of simple molecules like <strong>H\u2082<\/strong>, <strong>Cl\u2082<\/strong>, and <strong>CH\u2084<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.34%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-3-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-3-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-3-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-3-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-3-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-3-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-3-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-4-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15787\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-4-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-4-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-4-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-4-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-4-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-4.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-5-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15788\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-5-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-5-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-5-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-5-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-5-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-5.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It predicts bond strength and bond angles by considering the extent of orbital overlap.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It also provides insight into how atomic orbitals combine to form stable molecules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e75aa5\"><strong> Limitations of VBT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>VBT does not explain <strong>magnetic properties<\/strong> of molecules, such as the paramagnetism of oxygen (O\u2082).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It cannot account for <strong>resonance<\/strong> structures, like those in benzene (C\u2086H\u2086), where electrons are delocalized.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VBT is less effective than <strong>Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT)<\/strong> in explaining the overall energy of a molecule and the distribution of electrons in molecular orbitals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#d90000\"><strong>Let&#8217;s practice!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/83077\/496\/323\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-90.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5716\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-90.png 500w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-90-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-90-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/81519\/031\/268\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-89.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5717\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-89.png 500w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-89-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-89-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Valence Bond Theory Key Notes: 1.Definition of Covalent Bond A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, and this bond is strongest when their atomic orbitals overlap. The electrons involved must have opposite spins to form a stable bond. 2. Orbital Overlap The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/s-19-c-valence-bond-theory\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;S-19.c Valence Bond Theory&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3550","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3550"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15789,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3550\/revisions\/15789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}