{"id":3536,"date":"2023-02-05T06:49:28","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T06:49:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/?page_id=3536"},"modified":"2024-12-29T16:19:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T16:19:00","slug":"s-18-c-bohrs-model-of-hydrogen-atom-and-its-limitations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/s-18-c-bohrs-model-of-hydrogen-atom-and-its-limitations\/","title":{"rendered":"S-18.c Bohr&#8217;s Model Of Hydrogen Atom And Its Limitations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#00056d;text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Bohr&#8217;s Model Of Hydrogen Atom And Its Limitations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-huge-font-size wp-elements-f79afd6ea8b322268468366b8e5f7cc7\" style=\"color:#74008b\"><strong>Key Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-4ff95d7b603056abacf964589525cd24\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"> <strong>Introduction to Bohr&#8217;s Model<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proposed by <strong>Niels Bohr<\/strong> in 1913 to explain the structure of the hydrogen atom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Combined concepts of classical physics and quantum theory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-60-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15897\" style=\"width:368px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-60-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-60-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-60-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-60-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-60-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-60-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-590a14a8f14377752fa845c5388f11a4\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Postulates of Bohr&#8217;s Model<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stationary Orbits<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific circular orbits called <em>stationary orbits<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Each orbit corresponds to a fixed energy level, so electrons do not radiate energy while in these orbits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-61-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15899\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-61-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-61-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-61-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-61-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-61-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-61-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Quantization of Angular Momentum<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The angular momentum of an electron in orbit is quantized: L=n\u210f=nh\/2\u03c0, where n is the principal quantum number, \u210f is the reduced Planck&#8217;s constant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-62-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15901\" style=\"width:416px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-62-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-62-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-62-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-62-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-62-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-62-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Energy Levels<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electrons can move between orbits by absorbing or emitting energy: \u0394E=E\u2082\u2212E\u2081=h\u03bd\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>h= Planck&#8217;s constant, \u03bd = frequency of emitted\/absorbed radiation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Radiation of Energy<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When an electron jumps from a higher energy orbit (n\u2082) to a lower energy orbit (n\u2081), it emits energy as photons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-fd174c2b8cbdb94d015fe2610525c30e\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Key Features of Bohr\u2019s Model<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Energy Levels<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The energy of the electron is inversely proportional to the square of the orbit number (n): E\u2099=(\u221213.6\/n\u00b2)eV \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Negative sign indicates the electron is bound to the nucleus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Radius of Orbits<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The radius of the nth orbit is proportional to  r\u2099=n\u00b2\u00d7r\u2081\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>r\u2081=0.53\u2009A\u02da(Bohr radius).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-65-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15906\" style=\"width:432px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-65-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-65-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-65-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-65-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-65-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-65-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hydrogen Spectrum<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Explained the emission spectrum of hydrogen (Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-63-1-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15903\" style=\"width:398px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-63-1-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-63-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-63-1-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-63-1-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-63-1-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-63-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-6977e7e9f91e71871a1dbe3cd7140153\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"> <strong>Achievements of Bohr\u2019s Model<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Successfully explained the spectral lines of hydrogen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Introduced the concept of quantized energy levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Laid the foundation for modern atomic physics.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ceb7c51a14f78a89c0ab6c0484e7df5c\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"> <strong>Limitations of Bohr&#8217;s Model<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Applicable Only to Hydrogen-like Atoms<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Could not explain spectra of atoms with more than one electron (e.g., Helium, Lithium).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No Explanation for Spectral Line Splitting<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Could not explain the fine structure (splitting of spectral lines in magnetic\/electric fields) observed in the Zeeman and Stark effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fails to Address Wave-Particle Duality<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Does not consider the wave-like nature of electrons (proposed later by de Broglie).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Violation of Uncertainty Principle<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Assumes precise paths (orbits) for electrons, contradicting Heisenberg\u2019s Uncertainty Principle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No Explanation for Chemical Bonding<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fails to account for the behavior of electrons in chemical bonding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-43779efdcfd28f645b90da203dac43b7\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Bohr\u2019s Model and Modern Atomic Theory<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bohr&#8217;s model was replaced by the <strong>Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom<\/strong>, which incorporates wave-particle duality and probability distributions of electrons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-64-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15904\" style=\"width:376px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-64-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-64-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-64-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-64-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-64-1568x980.png 1568w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1.Definition-of-Covalent-Bond-64.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dfc816\"> <strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bohr&#8217;s model was a significant step in understanding atomic structure and paved the way for further advancements in quantum mechanics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#d90000\"><strong>Let&#8217;s practice!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/83082\/336\/357\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-88.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-88.png 500w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-88-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-88-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/81517\/674\/238\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-87.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5711\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-87.png 500w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-87-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-87-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bohr&#8217;s Model Of Hydrogen Atom And Its Limitations Key Notes: Introduction to Bohr&#8217;s Model Postulates of Bohr&#8217;s Model Key Features of Bohr\u2019s Model Achievements of Bohr\u2019s Model Limitations of Bohr&#8217;s Model Bohr\u2019s Model and Modern Atomic Theory Conclusion Let&#8217;s practice!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3536","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3536"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3536\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15907,"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3536\/revisions\/15907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}