1. Introduction to the Concept:
– When an electric current flows through a conductor, it creates a magnetic field around the conductor.
– If this current-carrying conductor is placed in an external magnetic field, it experiences a force.

2. Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule:
– To determine the direction of the force on the conductor, you can use Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule.
– The thumb points in the direction of the force, the first finger in the direction of the magnetic field, and the second finger in the direction of the current.

3. Magnitude of the Force (Lorentz Force):
– The magnitude of the force (F) on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field depends on the strength of the magnetic field (B), the current (I) passing through the conductor, and the length of the conductor (L).
– The formula for the magnitude of the force is given by F = BIL * sin(θ), where θ is the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the current.

4. Direction of the Force:
– The direction of the force is perpendicular to both the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field.
– If the current and magnetic field are parallel, the force is zero.
– If they are at right angles (θ = 90 degrees), the force is maximized.

5. Applications:
– The principle of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field is the basis for the operation of electric motors and generators.
– It is also used in devices like electromagnets and magnetic field sensors.

6. Factors Affecting the Force:
– Increasing the current or the strength of the magnetic field increases the force.
– Increasing the length of the conductor also increases the force.
– Changing the angle between the current and the magnetic field affects the force.

7. Practical Considerations:
– In real-world applications, such as motors and generators, the conductors are often wound into coils to increase the force and make the device more efficient.

8. Safety:
– Understanding the force on current-carrying conductors is important for electrical safety to prevent accidents, especially when working near powerful magnets or high-current systems.

9. Summary:
– When a current flows through a conductor in a magnetic field, a force is exerted on the conductor.
– The magnitude and direction of the force depend on the strength of the magnetic field, the current, and the angle between them.

Let’s practice!