(2v+2)(2v–2) is the difference of squares, just like (a+b)(a–b). So, you can find (2v+2)(2v–2) with this formula:

(a+b)(a–b)=a²–b²

Replace a with 2v and b with 2, then simplify.

(2v+2)(2v–2)

(2v)²–2²

4v²–4

(d+3)(d–3) is the difference of squares, just like (a+b)(a–b). So, you can find (d+3)(d–3) with this formula:

(a+b)(a–b)=a²–b²

Replace a with d and b with 3, then simplify.

(d+3)(d–3)

d²–3²

d²–9

(2k+3)² is the square of a binomial, just like (a+b)^2. So, you can find (2k+3⁾² with this formula:

(a+b)²=a²+2ab+b²

Replace a with 2k and b with 3, then simplify.

(2k+3)²

(2k)²+2(2k)(3)+3²

4k²+12k+9