Identify vague pronoun references

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.
Examples:

  • 🧑‍🏫 He, she, it, they, them, his, her, its, their

A vague pronoun reference happens when a pronoun doesn’t clearly refer to a specific noun.
❌ This confuses the reader!

Example:

  • “Sara told Mia that she was tired.”
    ❓ Who is tired — Sara or Mia?

✅ Corrected:

  • “Sara told Mia, ‘I am tired.’”
  • “Sara told Mia that Mia was tired.”

Ask yourself:

  • Who or what does the pronoun refer to?
  • Is it clear from the sentence?

If the answer is not clear, it’s a vague pronoun reference.


  • He, she, it, they, them, his, her, its, their, this, that, these, those

Example:

  • “Jack hit Tom, and he ran away.”
    ❓ Who ran away — Jack or Tom?

✅ Corrected:

  • “Jack hit Tom, and Tom ran away.”

Replace the pronoun with the noun:

  • ❌ “John and Peter went to the park. He was happy.”
  • ✅ “John and Peter went to the park. John was happy.”

Rearrange the sentence to clarify:

  • ❌ “Lisa gave Anna her book because she was done.”
  • ✅ “Lisa gave Anna her book because Lisa was done.”

Add context if needed:

  • ❌ “The dog chased the cat, but it got away.”
  • ✅ “The dog chased the cat, but the cat got away.”

  • Every pronoun should have one clear noun it refers to.
  • Avoid using pronouns like this, that, it, they without context.
  • Always read your sentence twice to see if the meaning is clear.

Think of pronouns as pointers 👆:

  • If your pointer points to more than one thing, the reader will get confused!