Analogies: challenge

Key Notes :

What is an Analogy?

An analogy is a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. In simpler terms, it’s figuring out the relationship between two words and then finding another pair of words that share the same relationship. Analogy questions test your vocabulary, reasoning, and ability to recognize relationships.

The standard format for an analogy question looks like this:

This is read as “WORD1 is to WORD2 as WORD3 is to WORD4.” Your task is usually to find WORD4.

Why are Analogies Challenging?

Many students find analogies challenging for several reasons:

• Vocabulary: A strong vocabulary is crucial. If you don’t know the meaning of the words, you can’t determine the relationship.
• Abstract Reasoning: Analogies require abstract thinking. You need to identify the underlying relationship, not just surface similarities.
• Multiple Relationships: Sometimes, multiple relationships could fit. You need to identify the most precise and logical relationship.
• Subtle Differences: The relationships can be subtle and nuanced. Paying close attention to details is essential.

Common Types of Relationships

Understanding common types of relationships will significantly improve your ability to solve analogies. Here are some examples:

Type	Example
Synonym Antonym Part to Whole Cause and Effect Degree of Intensity Type/Category Function Location	Happy : Joyful :: Sad : Depressed Hot : Cold :: Up : Down Wheel : Bicycle :: Page : Book Fire : Smoke :: Rain : Flood Warm : Hot :: Cool : Freezing Apple : Fruit :: Carrot : Vegetable Knife : Cut :: Pen : Write Fish : Water :: Bird : Air

Strategies for Solving Analogies

Here’s a step-by-step approach to tackling analogy questions:

1. Define the words: Make sure you know the meanings of both words in the first pair.
2. Establish the relationship: Determine the precise relationship between the first two words. State it clearly in your own words. For example, instead of just saying “they’re related,” say “A is a type of B” or “A causes B.”
3. Apply the relationship: Apply the exact same relationship to the third word. Think: “WORD3 is to _____ as WORD1 is to WORD2.”
4. Evaluate the options: Look at the answer choices. Which word best fits the relationship you identified?
5. Substitute and check: Substitute your chosen word into the analogy and read it aloud. Does the relationship hold true?

Let’s look at an example:

1. Define: An author writes a book; a composer…?
2. Relationship: An AUTHOR creates a BOOK.
3. Apply: A COMPOSER creates a…?
4. Evaluate: Possible answers could be song, symphony, music.
5. Substitute and check: – A composer creates a symphony, which is the most fitting relationship.

Tips and Tricks

• Create a sentence: Turn the analogy into a sentence. This helps clarify the relationship. For example, “An author writes a book.”
• Work backwards: If you’re struggling, try working backwards. Look at the answer choices and see if you can determine the relationship between the third word and each of the possible fourth words.
• Eliminate wrong answers: If you can identify relationships that don’t fit, eliminate those answer choices.
• Don’t overthink it: Sometimes the most obvious answer is the correct one. Avoid making the relationship more complicated than it needs to be.
• Practice, practice, practice! The more analogies you solve, the better you’ll become at recognizing different types of relationships.

Conclusion

Analogies are an important skill that tests both vocabulary and reasoning. By understanding the common types of relationships and practicing effective problem-solving strategies, you can improve your performance on analogy questions and strengthen your critical thinking abilities. Remember to define the words, establish the relationship, apply it carefully, and always check your answer!

Let’s practice!