1. Introduction to Nouns

Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. Understanding the difference between plural and possessive nouns is essential for clear and effective writing.

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2. Plural Nouns

Plural nouns indicate that there is more than one person, place, thing, or idea. They are typically formed by adding an -s or -es to the singular form.

a. Regular Plural Nouns

• Add -s:
• Example: cat → cats
• Add -es:
• Example: box → boxes

b. Irregular Plural Nouns

Some nouns have irregular plural forms that do not follow standard rules.

• Examples:
• child → children
• foot → feet
• mouse → mice

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3. Possessive Nouns

Possessive nouns show ownership or relationship. They are formed by adding an apostrophe (’) and, in most cases, an -s to the noun.

a. Singular Possessive Nouns

• Add ‘s to a singular noun:
• Example: the dog’s bone (the bone of one dog)

b. Plural Possessive Nouns

• For plural nouns that do not end in -s, add ‘s:
• Example: the children’s toys (toys of multiple children)
• For plural nouns that end in -s, add only an apostrophe:
• Example: the dogs’ park (the park of multiple dogs)

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4. Common Errors to Avoid

a. Confusing Plural and Possessive Forms

Students often mix up plural and possessive forms. Remember that a plural noun refers to more than one, while a possessive noun indicates ownership.

• Incorrect: The dog’s are barking. (should be dogs)
• Correct: The dogs are barking.

b. Misplacing Apostrophes

Ensure the correct placement of apostrophes in possessive nouns.

• Incorrect: The cat’s toys are on the floor. (if referring to multiple cats, it should be cats’ toys)
• Correct: The cats’ toys are on the floor.