Class X English

Vocabulary

Prefixes and suffixes

• O.1 Word pattern analogies
• O.2 Word pattern sentences
• O.3 Words with pre-
• O.4 Words with re-
• O.5 Words with sub-
• O.6 Words with mis-
• O.7 Words with un-, dis-, in-, im- and non-
• O.8 Words with -ful
• O.9 Words with -less
• O.10 Words with -able and -ible

Greek and Latin roots

• P.1 Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots
• P.2 Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
• P.3 Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
• P.4 Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
• P.5 Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots

Homophones

• Q.1 Use the correct homophone
• Q.2 Identify and correct errors with homophones

Foreign words and expressions

• R.1 Use etymologies to determine the meanings of words
• R.2 Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions
• R.3 Use the correct foreign expression

Word usage and nuance

• S.1 Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence
• S.2 Use words accurately and precisely
• S.3 Replace words using a thesaurus

Analogies

• T.1 Analogies
• T.2 Analogies: challenge

Context clues

• U.1 Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
• U.2 Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context
• U.3 Use context to identify the meaning of a word

Reference skills

• V.1 Use dictionary entries
• V.2 Use dictionary definitions
• V.3 Use dictionary entries to determine correct usage
• V.4 Use thesaurus entries

Grammar and mechanics

Sentences, fragments and run-ons

• W.1 Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory?
• W.2 Identify sentence fragments
• W.3 Identify run-on sentences
• W.4 Choose punctuation to avoid fragments and run-ons

Phrases and clauses

• X.1 Is it a phrase or a clause?
• X.2 Identify prepositional phrases
• X.3 Identify appositives and appositive phrases
• X.4 Identify dependent and independent clauses
• X.5 Is the sentence simple, compound, complex or compound-complex?
• X.6 Combine sentences using relative clauses

Nouns

• Y.1 Form and use plurals: review
• Y.2 Form and use plurals of compound nouns

Pronouns

• Z.1 Identify and correct errors with subject and object pronouns
• Z.2 Subject and object pronouns review
• Z.3 Pronouns after ‘than’ and ‘as’
• Z.4 Identify and correct pronoun errors with ‘who’
• Z.5 Use relative pronouns: who and whom
• Z.6 Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which and that
• Z.7 Identify vague pronoun references
• Z.8 Identify all of the possible antecedents
• Z.9 Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person

Verb types

• AA.1 Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
• AA.2 Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives and predicate nouns
• AA.3 Identify participles and what they modify
• AA.4 Identify gerunds and their functions
• AA.5 Identify infinitives and infinitive phrases

Subject-verb agreement

• BB.1 Identify and correct errors with subject-verb agreement
• BB.2 Identify and correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement
• BB.3 Identify and correct verb agreement with compound subjects

Verb tense

• CC.1 Form the progressive verb tenses
• CC.2 Form the perfect verb tenses
• CC.3 Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense

Adjectives and adverbs

• DD.1 Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
• DD.2 Good, better, best, bad, worse and worst
• DD.3 Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
• DD.4 Well, better, best, badly, worse and worst

Conjunctions

• EE.1 Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions

Misplaced modifiers

• FF.1 Misplaced modifiers with pictures
• FF.2 Select the misplaced or dangling modifier
• FF.3 Are the modifiers used correctly?

Restrictive and non-restrictive elements

• GG.1 Commas with non-restrictive elements

Commas

• HH.1 Commas with direct addresses, introductory words, interjections, interrupters and antithetical phrases
• HH.2 Commas with compound and complex sentences
• HH.3 Commas with coordinate adjectives

Semicolons, colons and commas

• II.1 Use semicolons and commas to separate clauses
• II.2 Use semicolons, colons and commas with lists
• II.3 Semicolons, colons and commas: review

Dashes, hyphens and ellipses

• JJ.1 Use dashes
• JJ.2 Use hyphens in compound adjectives
• JJ.3 Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately

Apostrophes

• KK.1 Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
• KK.2 Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession

Capitalisation

• LL.1 Correct capitalisation errors

Writing strategies

Organising writing

• F.1 Order topics from broadest to narrowest
• F.2 Organise information by main idea

Topic sentences

• G.1 Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea

Developing and supporting arguments

• H.1 Distinguish facts from opinions
• H.2 Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim
• H.3 Choose the best evidence to support a claim
• H.4 Identify supporting evidence in a text
• H.5 Evaluate counterclaims
• H.6 Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim
• H.7 Transition logically between claims, evidence, analysis and counterclaims

Persuasive strategies

• I.1 Identify appeals to ethos, pathos and logos in advertisements
• I.2 Use appeals to ethos, pathos and logos in persuasive writing

Creative techniques

• J.1 Use personification

Writing clearly and concisely

• K.1 Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
• K.2 Avoid double, illogical and unclear comparisons
• K.3 Identify sentences with parallel structure
• K.4 Use parallel structure
• K.5 Remove redundant words or phrases

Active and passive voice

• L.1 Identify active and passive voice
• L.2 Rewrite the sentence in active voice

Editing and revising

• M.1 Use the correct frequently confused word
• M.2 Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words
• M.3 Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions
• M.4 Correct errors with commonly misspelled words
• M.5 Correct errors in everyday use
• M.6 Suggest appropriate revisions

Research skills

• N.1 Identify plagiarism

Reading strategies

Main idea

• A.1 Determine the main idea of a passage

Audience, purpose and tone

• B.1 Which text is most formal?
• B.2 Compare passages for subjective and objective tone
• B.3 Identify audience and purpose
• B.4 Compare passages for tone

Literary devices

• C.1 Identify the narrative point of view
• C.2 Interpret figures of speech
• C.3 Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox
• C.4 Classify figures of speech: review
• C.5 Analyse the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone

Analysing literature

• D.1 Analyse short stories: set 1
• D.2 Analyse short stories: set 2

Analysing informational texts

• E.1 Analyse the development of informational passages: set 1
• E.2 Analyse the development of informational passages: set 2
• E.3 Trace an argument: set 1
• E.4 Trace an argument: set 2
• E.5 Analyse rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1
• E.6 Analyse rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2

Adjectives and adverbs